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Energy Research Topics: Renewable Energy
The UK plans to develop significant renewable energy generating capacity that will provide electricity to the national electricity network. While some renewables provide energy on demand (eg landfill gas), the availability of others changes according to environmental conditions.
Research is being carried out by the ECI on the resource properties of wind, wave, tidal and solar photovoltaic generating systems, together with Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. By understanding the variability of these (both over time and in different places around the UK ), it is possible to design and optimize a diverse renewable energy portfolio that provides greater resource reliability and lower system variability (or intermittency). This will in turn affect key operational aspects of the electricity grid, such as backup capacity and load following capacity.
Projects
- Installing renewable energy systems on two remote rural clinics in Ghana
2009
In partnership with the Sindicatum Climate Change Foundation, ECI helped to install renewable energy systesm in these remote african villages.
- Supergen Project: How will the electricity network function if there are millions of small scale distributed electricity generators?
Aug 05 - Jul 08
The Supergen project investigates how to coordinate the effective operation of small distributed energy resources across the national grid.
- Solar Schools
Jan 05 - Jun 06
This project aims to enhance sustainable energy education, by providing educational materials, presentations, lists of sites to visit, twinning of schools and international competitions for both primary and secondary schools.
- Solar Monitoring at West Oxfordshire District Council
Completed 05
Building on the PV-Compare project which examined solar panels in two test environments, this project is now testing solar panels which are up and running in their actual environment: the West Oxfordshire District Council.
- PV Compare: which are the outstanding solar photovoltaic tecnologies?
Completed 03
The ECI's PV Compare project has tested PV arrays in Mallorca and Oxford with the objective of comparing all the emerging PV technologies in situ at two very contrasting locations.
- Carbon Consciousness, Consumer Choice and Electricity (4CE)
Completed Sep 03
ECI leads this pan-European project aiming to empower people to make informed choices between oil, nuclear, renewables and other energy sources in the newly liberalised energy market
More Renewable Energy projects
Documents & Media
Journal papers
- Staffell, I., Baker, P., Barton, J., Bergman, N., Blanchard, R., Brandon, N.P., Brett, D.J.L., Hawkes, A., Infield, D., Jardine, C., Kelly, N., Leach, M., Matian, M., Peacock, A.D., Sudtharalingam, S., Woodman, B. (2010). UK Microgeneration. Part II: technology overviews. Proceedings of the ICE – Energy, 163(4) 143-166.
- Bergman N,. Eyre, N. (in press). What role for microgeneration in a shift to a low carbon domestic energy sector in the UK? /Energy Efficiency/.
- Hawkes, A., Bergman, N., Jardine, C., Staffel, I., Brett, D., Brandon, N., 2011. A Change of Scale? Prospects for Distributed Energy Resources. Chapter 8 in: Skea, J., Ekins, P., Winskel, M. (Eds.), Energy 2050: Making the transition to a secure lower carbon energy system. Earthscan, London.
- Bergman, N., Hawkes, Brett, Baker, Barton, Blanchard, Brandon, Infield, Jardine, C., Kelly, Leach, Matian, Peacock, Staffell, Sudtharalingam, Woodman (2009) UK microgeneration. Part I: policy and behavioural aspects. Energy 162(1), 22-36
- C.N.Jardine and G. Ault (2008) Scenarios for highly distributed power systems. Proc. IMechE, Part A: J. of Power and Energy, 2008, 222(A7)
- P Baker, J Barton, N Bergman, R Blanchard, N Brandon, A Hawkes, D Infield, C Jardine, N Kelly, M Leach, M Marian, A Peacock, I Staffell, B Woodman, A review microgeneration in the UK - part 1: Policy and behavioural issues, Energy, in press
- P Baker, J Barton, N Bergman, R Blanchard, N Brandon, A Hawkes, D Infield, C Jardine, N Kelly, M Leach, M Marian, A Peacock, I Staffell, B Woodman, A review microgeneration in the UK - part 2:Technologies and grid connection issues, Energy, in press
- C.N.Jardine, Synthesis of high resolution domestic electricity load profiles, First International Conference and Workshop on Micro-Cogeneration Technologies and Applications National Arts Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, 2008
- Sinden, G. (2006) Characteristics of the UK wind resource: Long-term patterns and relationship to electricity demand. [PDF: 2.24MB] Energy Policy Journal, in press.
This article provides a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the UK wind resource, and the relationship between wind power characteristics and electricity demand paterns.
Reports
- Bergman, N. and Jardine, C. (2009) Power from the People: Domestic Microgeneration and the Low Carbon Buildings Programme. ECI Research Report No 34.
- Edkins, M. (2008) Impacts of wind energy development on birds and bats: Looking into the problem A report for, and funded by, FPL Energy.
- Jardine, C.N., Performance of West Oxforsdhire District Council Office's Photovoltaic Arrays, PVSAT3, Durham, 2007
- Sinden, G. (2005) Variability of Wave and Tidal Stream Energy Resources
The emergence of wave and tidal steam resources as a potential source of electricity brings with it the need to understand the characteristics of these resources. The Carbon Trust has released a report prepared by Graham Sinden on the variability of these resources, and the implications this variability has for patterns of electricity production from marine resources.
A summary of the report and further information is available on the Carbon Trust's website - Sinden, G. (2005) Diversity in the Electricity Generating Sector [PDF: 983KB]
The Cambridge-MIT Institute has published a working paper on " 'Diversity and security in UK electricity generation: the influence of low carbon objectives" as a contribution to the ongoing debate into system security and the reliability of renewables in meeting electricity demand. The paper examines the role of wind power in providing both diversity and security in electricity networks.
Cambridge-MIT Institute Energy Project. - Christian N. Jardine and Kevin Lane, "Photovoltaics in the UK: An Introductory Guide For New Customers". ECI Report 27, 2003.
- Christian N. Jardine and Kevin Lane, "PV-COMPARE: Relative Performance of Photovoltaic Technologies in Northern and Southern Europe", PV in Europe Conference and Exhibition, Rome, 2002.
- Final 4CE Report
Executive summary: English , French and German .
Print, Radio & TV
- Texas Christian University, FPL Energy and the University of Oxford Launch Groundbreaking Research Initiative to Study Impacts of Wind Energy Development in the U.S.
ERSOL News, 19th March 2008
- The Independent: Windpower survey blows away myths from opponents. 14.11.05
- Letter to the Financial Times. Calm UK weather scenario is a myth - but potential of wind, wave and tidal energy is not. 11.06.05
- BBC Radio 4: World Tonight - The Development of Renewables by Graham Sinden. 19.05.05
- The Guardian: Wave, Wind, Sun and Tide is a Powerful Mix. 12.05.05
- Oxford Today (April 2005) - Reliable Renewables
The Spring 2005 issue of Oxford Today features an article that looks at Graham Sinden's work on diversification and mixing of different renewable technologies to achieve a more reliable renewable electricity supply.
Conference papers
- C.N.Jardine, Synthesis of high resolution domestic electricity load profiles, First International Conference and Workshop on Micro-Cogeneration Technologies and Applications National Arts Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, 2008
- European Wind Energy Conference Poseter Presentation[PDF: 1.01MB]
by Graham Sinden November 2004The annual European Wind Energy Conference examines issues relating to the future of wind power across Europe. Graham Sinden presented a poster detailing some key features of the UK wind resource, and its interaction with electricity demand.
European Wind Energy Association. - SuperGen System Evolution Workshop [PDF: 2.87MB]
By Graham Sinden June 2004The SuperGen System Evolution group examines options for the evolution of the UK electricity network, and considers the mix of policies and instruments required to achieve specific generation scenarios. At the June workshop, Graham Sinden presented recent research carried out at the ECI into the long term variability of the UK wind resource. In addition to that provided at the OFGEM workshop (below) this presentation also examined the relationship between average hourly wind availability and peak electricity demand hours.
SuperGen at the Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge University,
SuperGen consortium website. - Making Sure Renewables Policy Delivers [PDF: 385KB]
OFGEM Workshop presentation by Graham Sinden May 2004OFGEM, the regulator for Britain's gas and electricity industries, hosted a workshop focussed on achieving the Governments policies regarding the development of renewable energy systems in the UK . Graham Sinden presented recent research carried out at the ECI into the long term variability of the UK wind resource. Using observations from around the country spanning two decades, this research provides the most comprehensive assessment of the UK wind resource carried out to date.
OFGEM website. - Workshop on Intermittency and Renewable Energy (Nov 2002)
The ECI hosted a workshop on the role of intermittency in renewable electricity generation, bringing together experts from industry, research and policy to explore issues regarding the integration of intermittent renewables into the UK electricity grid.
Submissions to government
- Wind Power and the UK Wind Resource [PDF: 250KB]
By Graham SindenThe ECI published this report in 2005, commissioned by the DTI, on the long term characteristics of the UK wind resource.
- House of Lords Enquiry into Renewables [PDF: 147KB](Feb 2004)
The ECI recently provided written and verbal evidence to the Science and Technology Select Committee of the House of Lords, which is investigating the Practicalities Of Developing Renewable Energy.
Download the supplementary submission [PDF: 54KB]. Transcript of evidence given to the Committee and final report.
Selected presentations
- Presentation by Graham Sinden to the Parliamentary Renewable And Sustainable Energy Group - PRASEG [PDF: 376KB] (October 2005)
This invited presentation to PRASEG on 25 October 2005 provided a brief introduction to the characteristics of variable renewable resources, and the potential benefits of developing a range of variable renewable resources. It also briefly outlines the divergent range of estimates for backup associated with renewables such as wind power.
Click here for information on the Parliamentary Renewable And Sustainable Energy Group - Presentation by Graham Sinden at the British Wind Energy Association Conference, [PDF: 376KB] (October 2005)
This presentation focusses on the potential benefits of developing a range of variable renewable resources. Assessing the implications for a combined wind, wave and tidal stream renewable resource base supplying 20% of UK electricity demand, it suggests that there are tangeable benefits in terms of lower balancing costs and higher capacity credit from diversified portfolios.
Link: British Wind Energy Association - Presentation to the British Institute of Energy Economics by Graham Sinden: Diversified renewable energy portfolios for the UK [PDF: 114KB](September 2005)
While the current focus in renewable energy is on wind power, the reality is that any long term renewable energy scenario is likely to include a range of renewable energy technologies. Such a portfolio approach to renewable energy development will affect the characteristics of some renewables, particularly patterns of variability and availability. This presentation at the British Institute of Energy Economists examines one scenario for the development of a diversified wind, wave and tidal stream power portfolio in the UK, and the impact this has on variability, backup and balancing costs.
BIEE home page - The Cost of Renewable Electricity Generation [PDF: 1.04MB]
Presentation to UKERC stakeholder group by Graham Sinden on(July 2005)The UK Energy Research Centre is carrying out an evidence-based assessment of competing claims regarding the cost of electricity generated from renewable energy sources. Graham was invited to speak to the stakeholder group, arguing that a understanding the characteristics of renewable energy sources needs to be the fundamental basis for cost assessments, while public perception is being misled by poor information and inaccurate terminology.
More on the UKERC website - Sea: The Future [PDF: 1.02MB]
Presentation at BWEA's second annual wave and tidal conference by Graham Sinden(March 2005)The BWEA's second annual wave and tidal conference examined issues affecting the development of wave and tidal power in the UK. Graham Sinden presented work recently undertaken in association with the Carbon Trust into the availability and reliability of wave and tidal resources, and the impact this has on electricity generation patterns. Download the presentation as a PDF(1MB) or Powerpoint presentation.(3.8MB)